The Resistance of Indramayu Kyai Against the Japanese Occupation in 1944: A Historical-Sociological Study of the Kaplongan Peasant Resistance

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the resistance of the Kaplongan community in Indramayu against the Japanese occupation government in 1944, with particular emphasis on the role of kyai (Islamic religious leaders) as socio-religious leaders. The resistance was not solely triggered by economic factors, particularly the compulsory rice procurement policy imposed by the Japanese authorities, but was also influenced by socio-political and religious factors. This research employs a historical method with a historical-sociological approach through literature review and analysis of various historical sources. The findings reveal that the kyai played a crucial role in fostering collective awareness among the community to oppose Japanese policies, which were perceived as oppressive and contrary to Islamic values. Prominent figures such as K.H. Arsyad, H. Aksan, and Kyai Sidik emerged as central leaders who successfully consolidated peasant resistance against Japanese colonial policies. The Kaplongan resistance demonstrates that religion functioned not only as a source of spiritual guidance but also as a foundation of social and political legitimacy within anti-colonial movements. This event represents a significant form of local resistance, illustrating the close relationship between religious leadership and rural social movements during the Japanese occupation period in Indonesia.